Apologetics · Reliability of Scripture
The Quran, the Gospel, and the charge of biblical corruption
A precise formulation of the Christian challenge, including the strongest appeal to the Quran's authority over earlier revelation.
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Apologetics · Quran & Hadith
Quranic collection, variant recitation, and preservation claims
An evidence-led reading of the collection traditions, with distinctions between ahruf, standardization, memory, and abrogation.
Open resource →Apologetics · Salvation
Grace, responsibility, and the Christian case for atonement
Why Christian salvation centers on Christ's work, and how to compare Islamic sources without reducing Islam to a crude system of earned merit.
Open resource →Apologetics · Historical Christianity
Was Christ's deity invented by later councils?
Reading Ignatius and Chalcedon with precise claims about early belief, later formulation, and the limits of historical inference.
Open resource →Apologetics · Muhammad
The prophet like Moses: reading Deuteronomy 18 in context
Does Moses identify a future Arabian prophet, or establish a promise within Israel that the apostles see fulfilled in Jesus?
Open resource →Apologetics · Holy Spirit
The promised Paraclete: Holy Spirit or later prophet?
A contextual examination of John 14–16, the promised Helper, and the claim that Jesus was predicting Muhammad.
Open resource →Apologetics · Original Languages
Does Song of Songs 5:16 name Muhammad?
Why context and Hebrew grammar matter more than a resemblance between an ordinary word and a later personal name.
Open resource →Apologetics · Old Testament
Isaiah 42: the servant, Kedar, and the nations
Examining the claim that Kedar identifies Muhammad, and the Christian case for reading the servant's mission through Jesus.
Open resource →Apologetics · Crucifixion
Isaiah 53: suffering, substitution, and vindication
Why Christians read the servant's suffering as fulfilled in Jesus, and how that reading answers significant objections.
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